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Do you know about the types and methods of controlling wheat plant pests and diseases? Who is not familiar with the wheat plant?
One of the many crops and food commodities that has a big influence on the food supply for the entire world’s population.
Not only in Indonesia, wheat itself is one of the most important crops which is a source of protein as well as a source of calories which is much needed by people in various parts of the world.
Quoted from a study (Braun, 2013), it is estimated that the level of world demand for wheat will greatly increase in 2050 by around 60%, especially in the Asian region, whereas in reality wheat producers themselves are only able to increase their production output by 1% per year, except China which can reach 3% per year.
So with the estimated increase in the number of wheat commodities, this becomes a challenge in itself in wheat production efforts.
Types and Methods of Controlling Pests and Diseases of Wheat Plants
The high demand of the world community for wheat crops is certainly a challenge in meeting this demand.
One of the challenges of the lack of availability of wheat production is due to plant diseases which often attack the wheat plants themselves.
Diseases and pests that attack wheat plants have various causes, ranging from the presence of soil pathogens, changes in climate and soil systems to the vulnerability of the plant itself.
Among the various diseases that may attack wheat plants, one of the most dangerous and detrimental diseases and the most widely spread is rust disease.
In this article, we will discuss several diseases and pests that can attack wheat plants, including:
Rust disease
This wheat plant rust disease can be divided into several parts, such as leaf rust, stem rust and stripe rust.
In leaf rust, this disease is characterized by the appearance of yellowish brown pustules on the surface and midrib of wheat plant leaves.
This leaf rust disease can develop quickly if the air temperature and humidity reach 20 degrees Celsius.
Leaf rust disease itself does not immediately kill wheat plants but can reduce wheat crop yields by up to 50%.
Wheat plants attacked by leaf rust generally produce fewer panicles. The way to control leaf rust is to use resistant varieties and chemical fungicides.
For stem rust, pustules also appear on the stems and panicles of the plant. In stem rust disease, if the disease infection occurs in the early planting phase, it will reduce the number of tillers and affect the quality and weight of the seeds.
The way to control stem rust is almost the same as leaf rust, namely with resistant varieties, chemical fungicides and also cultivation to reduce the intensity of epidemics.
Meanwhile, for striped rust, these yellow pustules occur on all plant surfaces, which if not treated immediately and the intensity of transmission is high, can cause loss of yield from the plant itself.
Leaf blight
In leaf blight, the first symptoms that appear are brown, oval-shaped spots that usually appear on several parts or even all parts of the wheat plant leaves.
The initial infection with leaf blight usually starts from the bottom of the leaves, then spreads to various parts.
It starts with brown spots which over time can merge together. In cases of severe infection, wheat plant leaves usually die prematurely. Losses due to this disease can affect crop yields by 20 to 30 percent.
The way to control this disease is by using resistant varieties, crop rotation, using disease-free seeds, applying correct and appropriate fertilization and treating seeds with fungicides.
Root rot disease
In this root rot disease, infected roots will have brown roots and the number of roots will decrease.
This disease infects the roots and crown tissue of wheat plants. This disease infection itself is very dependent on environmental conditions.
An environment with dry conditions, sandy soil, high humidity and cold temperatures will very well encourage this disease to develop.
This root rot disease can cause wheat plants to lose large amounts of yield.
Some ways to control this plant are to avoid planting wheat in wet soil or land, apply balanced fertilization, plant 2-3 weeks after tilling the soil or applying herbicides. This soil processing is to prevent the emergence of pathogenic mycelia.
Carnal bunt disease
This plant disease is caused by fungi Tell me about it. Usually this disease is spread through spores originating from infected seeds and soil that may have been contaminated from previous plantings.
This disease is somewhat difficult to identify because wheat seeds are infected randomly.
The yield reduction caused by this disease in wheat plants is also only slight. One important way to avoid this disease is to use disease-free seeds and use fungicides.
That’s the article about Types and Methods of Controlling Pests and Diseases of Wheat Plants. Hopefully this is useful and adds information about the wheat plant itself.
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